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Introduction to statistical methods : with applications / by Cristina P. Parel, et al.

By: Material type: TextManila, Phils. : Macaraig Publishing Company, Inc., ©1966Description: xvi, 359 p. ; 22 cmSubject(s): LOC classification:
  • HS 129 I8 1966
Contents:
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION -- What is statistics? -- History of statistics -- The scope of statistics -- Why study statistics? -- Variables and functions -- Rounding of data -- Subscript notation -- The summation notation -- CHAPTER II. PERMUTATIONS, COMBINATIONS AND PROBABILITY -- Introduction -- Multiple choices -- Permutations -- Combinations -- Probability -- The addition law -- The multiplication law -- CHAPTER III. COMMON SAMPLING PROCEDURES -- Introduction -- Selection of sample -- Methods of sampling -- CHAPTER IV. COLLECTION AND PRESENTATION OF DATA -- Introduction -- Methods of collecting information -- Sources of data -- Presenting data in tabular form -- Parts of a statistical table -- Presenting data in graphical form -- CHAPTER V. THE FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION -- Introduction -- Ungrouped data -- The array -- The frequency distribution -- Class intervals and class limits -- Construction of a frequency distribution -- Illustrative example -- Graphical presentation of frequency distribution -- Cumulative frequency distribution -- The origins -- Percentage distributions -- CHAPTER VI. MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY -- Characteristics of a good average -- The arithmetic mean -- The weighted arithmetic mean -- Characteristics of the arithmetic mean -- Computation of the arithmetic mean -- The median -- Computations of the median -- The mode -- The geometric mean -- The harmonic mean -- CHAPTER VII. INDEX NUMBERS -- What is an index number? -- Common problems in index number construction -- Selection of items to be included -- Selection of the base period -- Assignment of weights -- Simple relatives -- Types of index numbers -- Unweighted index numbers -- Weighted aggregative price indixes -- Laspeyres' index -- Paasche's index -- Edgeworth-Marshall's and fisher's index numbers -- Weighted average of relatives -- The use of index numbers as deflators -- Shifting the base -- Chained index numbers -- CHAPTER VIII. MEASURES OF DISPERSION, SKEWNESS AND KURTOSIS -- The range -- The quartiles -- Computations of Q3 and Q1 -- The interquartile range -- The average deviation -- Computation of the standard deviation -- Measures of relative dispersion -- Measures of skewness -- Measure of Jurtosis -- CHAPTER IX. PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS -- The concept of random variable -- The concept of probability distributions -- Binomial distribution -- Poisson distribution -- The concept of mathematical expectation -- The mean and variance of the poisson distribution -- Normal distribution -- Normal approximation to the binomial distribution -- Fitting a normal curve to a frequency distribution -- The normal probability paper -- Fitting of a binomial distribution to a frequency distribution -- CHAPTER X. TESTS OF HYPOTHESIS - Illustrative example -- Distribution of sample means -- Confidence intervals for populaiton mean -- Testing a hypothesis on the population mean -- Testing the difference between two sample means -- Testing hypothesis when the populatio variance is unknown -- CHAPTER XI. LINEAR CORRELATION AND REGRESSION -- Simple correlation -- Computation of correlation coefficient from grouped data -- Testing the significance of correlation coefficient -- Rank correlation -- Rank correlation -- Simple linear regression -- Computation of refression coefficient from grouped data -- Properties of estimates and test of hypothesis -- Analysis of variance -- Relationship between correlation and regression coefficients -- CHAPTER XII. ANALYSIS OF ENUMERATION DATA -- One-way classification -- Independence in the 2 x 2 table -- Independence in r x c table -- Other uses of x2 -- CHAPTER XIII. TIME SERIES ANALYSIS -- The components of a time series -- The secular trend -- The season (or periodic movements) -- The cycle or cyclical fluctuation -- The irregular movements or the random componenets -- The secular trand -- Method of moving averages -- Illustrative example -- Fitting trend curves by Mathematical functions -- Fitting a straight line by the method of least squares -- Illustrative example -- Fitting a straight line by the method of semi-averages -- Illustrative example -- Fitting an exponential trend by least squares -- Illustrative example -- Seasonal variation -- The link-relative method -- Illustrative example -- Ratios to 12-month moving average -- Illustrative example -- Other methods -- Deseasonalized data -- The cycle -- The reresidual method -- Illustrative example -- Smoothing cyclical relatives-- Direct methods
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CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION --
What is statistics? --
History of statistics --
The scope of statistics --
Why study statistics? --
Variables and functions --
Rounding of data --
Subscript notation --
The summation notation --

CHAPTER II. PERMUTATIONS, COMBINATIONS AND PROBABILITY --
Introduction --
Multiple choices --
Permutations --
Combinations --
Probability --
The addition law --
The multiplication law --

CHAPTER III. COMMON SAMPLING PROCEDURES --
Introduction --
Selection of sample --
Methods of sampling --

CHAPTER IV. COLLECTION AND PRESENTATION OF DATA --
Introduction --
Methods of collecting information --
Sources of data --
Presenting data in tabular form --
Parts of a statistical table --
Presenting data in graphical form --

CHAPTER V. THE FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION --
Introduction --
Ungrouped data --
The array --
The frequency distribution --
Class intervals and class limits --
Construction of a frequency distribution --
Illustrative example --
Graphical presentation of frequency distribution --
Cumulative frequency distribution --
The origins --
Percentage distributions --

CHAPTER VI. MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY --
Characteristics of a good average --
The arithmetic mean --
The weighted arithmetic mean --
Characteristics of the arithmetic mean --
Computation of the arithmetic mean --
The median --
Computations of the median --
The mode --
The geometric mean --
The harmonic mean --

CHAPTER VII. INDEX NUMBERS --
What is an index number? --
Common problems in index number construction --
Selection of items to be included --
Selection of the base period --
Assignment of weights --
Simple relatives --
Types of index numbers --
Unweighted index numbers --
Weighted aggregative price indixes --
Laspeyres' index --
Paasche's index --
Edgeworth-Marshall's and fisher's index numbers --
Weighted average of relatives --
The use of index numbers as deflators --
Shifting the base --
Chained index numbers --

CHAPTER VIII. MEASURES OF DISPERSION, SKEWNESS AND KURTOSIS --
The range --
The quartiles --
Computations of Q3 and Q1 --
The interquartile range --
The average deviation --
Computation of the standard deviation --
Measures of relative dispersion --
Measures of skewness --
Measure of Jurtosis --

CHAPTER IX. PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS --
The concept of random variable --
The concept of probability distributions --
Binomial distribution --
Poisson distribution --
The concept of mathematical expectation --
The mean and variance of the poisson distribution --
Normal distribution --
Normal approximation to the binomial distribution --
Fitting a normal curve to a frequency distribution --
The normal probability paper --
Fitting of a binomial distribution to a frequency distribution --

CHAPTER X. TESTS OF HYPOTHESIS -
Illustrative example --
Distribution of sample means --
Confidence intervals for populaiton mean --
Testing a hypothesis on the population mean --
Testing the difference between two sample means --
Testing hypothesis when the populatio variance is unknown --

CHAPTER XI. LINEAR CORRELATION AND REGRESSION --
Simple correlation --
Computation of correlation coefficient from grouped data --
Testing the significance of correlation coefficient --
Rank correlation --
Rank correlation --
Simple linear regression --
Computation of refression coefficient from grouped data --
Properties of estimates and test of hypothesis --
Analysis of variance --
Relationship between correlation and regression coefficients --

CHAPTER XII. ANALYSIS OF ENUMERATION DATA --
One-way classification --
Independence in the 2 x 2 table --
Independence in r x c table --
Other uses of x2 --

CHAPTER XIII. TIME SERIES ANALYSIS --
The components of a time series --
The secular trend --
The season (or periodic movements) --
The cycle or cyclical fluctuation --
The irregular movements or the random componenets --
The secular trand --
Method of moving averages --
Illustrative example --
Fitting trend curves by Mathematical functions --
Fitting a straight line by the method of least squares --
Illustrative example --
Fitting a straight line by the method of semi-averages --
Illustrative example --
Fitting an exponential trend by least squares --
Illustrative example --
Seasonal variation --
The link-relative method --
Illustrative example --
Ratios to 12-month moving average --
Illustrative example --
Other methods --
Deseasonalized data --
The cycle --
The reresidual method --
Illustrative example --
Smoothing cyclical relatives--
Direct methods

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