The rugged terrain of Vernacular literature -- Assimilation and synthesis -- The consolidation of tradition -- Florante at Laura: the formalization of tradition -- Postcript: Poetry and revolution -- Traditional Philippine performance Area and the indigenization of imported theater forms -- Artists and the image of Andres Bonifacio -- The literary work andvalues education: two texts and contexts -- Towards a revised history of Philippine literature -- The nationalist literary tradition -- The Filipino writer and his audience -- Philippine theater 1972-79: a chronicle of growth under constraint -- After yellow year: the literary scene since August 1983 -- Bringing Bulosan home: adapting/translating America is in the heart -- Ermita as nation: reading history with Francisco Sionil Jose -- Literature after EDSA -- Southeast Asian literary traditions and the Philippines